INTRODUCTION ABOUT EPSOLIN INJECTION
EPSOLIN INJECTION contains phenytoin which belongs to the group of medicines called Anti-epileptic drugs. It is used to manage certain forms of epilepsy (fits or seizures) like grand mal fits, status epilepticus (seizures continue for hours or days) and to manage fits during or after neurosurgery.
Epilepsy can be defined as a chronic brain disorder which occurs when signals and chemicals of the brain cells are not working properly. EPSOLIN INJECTION can also be used to rectify some heart rhythm abnormalities.
During EPSOLIN INJECTION management, your doctor might ask you to take certain blood tests to monitor side effects. You will also be advised to maintain good oral hygiene and massage the gums to manage bleeding, tender or enlarged gums.
Before receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION, inform your doctor if you have liver, kidney or heart problems, porphyria or diabetes. Avoid consumption of alcohol while receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION as it may affect its blood concentration.
Ask your doctor before receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION during pregnancy. EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used in breastfeeding women only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. EPSOLIN INJECTION should be cautiously used in children and elderly patients.
The most common side effects of receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION are rapid involuntary eye movements, slurred speech, impaired or decreased coordination, sleepiness and mental confusion. Contact your doctor if any of the symptoms deteriorate.
USES OF EPSOLIN INJECTION
EPSOLIN INJECTION is used to:
- manage grand mal fits and status epilepticus
- prevent fits during or after neurosurgery
- rectify some heart rhythm abnormalities
HOW EPSOLIN INJECTION WORKS
EPSOLIN INJECTION reduces or manages fits by controlling the hyperactivity in the brain that can cause epilepsy or fits.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
EPSOLIN INJECTION will be given to you only by a doctor or a nurse into a vein as an intravenous infusion. Your doctor will decide the right dose and duration for you according to your age, body weight and disease condition. Do not stop receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION unless your doctor advises you to stop.
SIDE EFFECTS OF EPSOLIN INJECTION
COMMON
- nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements)
- slurred speech
- impaired or decreased coordination
- sleepiness
- mental confusion
RARE
- serious forms of allergic reactions
- Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (an extensive skin rash)
- angioedema (swelling beneath the skin)
- dyskinesias (impaired voluntary movement), including chorea (jerky involuntary movements of the shoulders, hips and face), dystonia (muscular spasm and abnormal posture), shaking and asterixis (inability to maintain sustained posture with subsequent brief jerky involuntary movements)
- certain types of dermatitis
Stop receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION and contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following side effects:
- severe allergic reactions (swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, rash or itching especially affecting the whole body, breathing problems, sudden wheeziness)
- purple glove syndrome (discolouration of the skin, swelling and pain in the area of injection which then radiates down to the arms, hands and fingers)
- serious skin reactions (Ex. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis accompanied by blistering of mouth and tongue)
- blood abnormalities (bruising, fever, severe sore throat, paleness, decreased red blood cells, white cells and platelets)
- hypersensitivity reactions (skin rash, fever, swollen glands, increased white blood cells, swollen organs such as liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and large intestine)
- inflammatory disease called systemic lupus erythematosus (painful and swollen joints)
- have confusion or mental illness which could be a sign of a high amount of medicine in the blood
- chest pains and palpitations
- swollen lymph nodes
- thoughts of harming or killing self
HOW TO MANAGE SIDE EFFECTS
Skin rash:
Avoid hot bathing because hot water can irritate your skin further. Do not scratch the affected area. Use protective clothing when going outdoors. Regularly moisturize your skin. Consult your doctor if your skin rash gets worse.
WARNING & PRECAUTIONS
PREGNANCY
EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution in pregnant women as it may cause harm to the unborn baby. Women of childbearing capability should use a suitable non-hormonal contraceptive method to avoid getting pregnant while receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION. Consult your doctor before receiving it. Inform your doctor if you become pregnant during management with EPSOLIN INJECTION.
BREASTFEEDING
EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used in breastfeeding women only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
DRIVING AND USING MACHINES
Do not drive or operate any machines if you feel dizzy or drowsy after receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION.
ALCOHOL
Avoid consumption of alcohol while receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION because it may reduce the effectiveness of management or increase the side effects. EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution if the patient has consumed a large amount of alcohol recently or if they drink large amounts of alcohol regularly or if they have alcohol dependence. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
KIDNEY
EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution in patients having kidney disease. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
LIVER
EPSOLIN INJECTION is not recommended for use in patients who experienced prior acute liver toxicity due to phenytoin. EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
ALLERGY
Do not receive EPSOLIN INJECTION if you are allergic to Phenytoin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine or similar hydantoins such as ethotoin or methoin.
HEART DISEASE
EPSOLIN INJECTION is not recommended in patients having abnormal heart rhythm and heart block, a slow heartbeat, heart problems that affect your heart rate or Adams-Stokes syndrome (suddenly passing out due to change in your heart rate). EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution in patients having low blood pressure, heart failure or heart rhythm problems. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
OTHERS
Before receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION, inform your doctor if you have:
- porphyria (an inherited disease affecting the nervous system and skin, characterised by abdominal pain, vomiting or muscle weakness)
- diabetes (high blood sugar levels)
Use in paediatrics:
EPSOLIN INJECTION can be used for newborns, infants and children but consult your child’s doctor for advice.
Use in geriatrics:
EPSOLIN INJECTION should be used with caution in elderly patients. Consult your doctor before receiving it.
INTERACTIONS
A. Drug – Drug interactions:
Before receiving EPSOLIN INJECTION, inform your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:
- medicines used for epilepsy or fits (Ex. carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, sodium valproate and valproic acid, topiramate, oxcarbazepine, ethosuximide,vigabatrin)
- medicines used to manage fungal infections (Ex. amphotericin B, voriconazole, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole)
- medicines used to manage skin diseases (Ex. methoxsalen)
- medicines used for tuberculosis and other infections (Ex. chloramphenicol, isoniazid, rifampicin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulfaphenazole, sulfisoxazole, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin)
- medicines used for asthma and bronchitis (Ex. theophylline)
- medicines used for diabetes (Ex. tolbutamide, insulin)
- medicines used for pain and inflammation (Ex. phenylbutazone, aspirin, prednisolone)
- medicines used for stomach ulcers and heartburn (Ex. omeprazole, sucralfate, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, antacids)
- medicines used for sleeplessness, depression and psychiatric disorders (Ex. chlordiazepoxide, clozapine, diazepam, disulfiram, lithium, methadone, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, haloperidol, levodopa, paroxetine, methylphenidate, phenothiazines, quetiapine, trazodone, reserpine, amitriptyline, viloxazine)
- medicines used to manage cancer (Ex. teniposide, fluorouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, capecitabine, bleomycin, carboplatin, cisplatin)
- medicines used for organ and tissue transplants, to manage rejection (Ex. ciclosporin, tacrolimus)
- medicines used for heart and circulation problems (Ex. dicoumarol, amiodarone, digitoxin, digoxin, nisoldipine, disopyramide, mexiletine, furosemide, quinidine, reserpine, diltiazem, nifedipine)
- hormone replacement therapies (Ex. oestrogens)
- medicines used to manage pregnancy (Ex. estradiol, dienogestrel)
- medicines used to lower high blood cholesterol and triglycerides (Ex. atorvastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin)
- medicines used in the management of HIV infection (Ex delavirdine, efavirenz, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir)
- medicines used to expel parasitic worms from the body (Ex. albendazole, praziquantel)
- medicines used to manage thyroid disorders (Ex. thyroxine)
- medicines used to relax the muscles (Ex. pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium)
- medicine used to manage severe pain (Ex. methadone, halothane)
- non-prescription medicines (Ex. folic acid, St John’s Wort, vitamin D)
- medicines used for blood thinning (Ex. warfarin, dicoumarol)
Overdosage:
EPSOLIN INJECTION will be administered to you only by a doctor or a nurse in a hospital, so it is unlikely to receive an overdose. However, consult your doctor or nurse if you experience any unusual symptoms like nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), double vision, loss of control of the whole body, dysarthria (speech disorder), muscle spasms, lethargy, nausea and vomiting.
SYNOPSIS
| Drug | : | Phenytoin |
| Pharmacological Category | : | Anti-epileptic drugs |
| Therapeutic Indication | : | Seizures (fits) |
| Dosage Forms | : | Injection, Tablet, Capsule, Syrup, Suspension |
MORE INFORMATION
- Keep EPSOLIN INJECTION out of reach of children
- Store EPSOLIN INJECTION below 30°C
| Weight | 28 g |
|---|
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